Spanish Saddles: A Comprehensive Guide to Styles, Fitting, and Maintenance

Spanish Saddle Construction

A Spanish saddle is a type of equestrian saddle that is commonly used in many equestrian disciplines, like the Alta Escuela, Vaquera, and Doma Vaquera.

It is designed to offer the rider a secure seat and help distribute the weight of the rider evenly across the horse's back.

The different parts of a Spanish saddle and their functions are as follows:

Pommel

The pommel is the raised front part of the saddle that helps to hold the saddle in place on the horse's withers.

Seat

The seat is the part of the saddle where the rider sits. It is often designed with a deep seat that helps the rider maintain a secure position on the horse.

Cantle

The cantle is the raised back part of the saddle that helps to keep the rider in the saddle.

Skirts

The skirts are the flaps on either side of the saddle that help to protect the horse's sides and also provide a place for the rider's legs to rest.

Stirrup Bars

The stirrup bars are the metal loops on the sides of the saddle where the stirrup leathers attach. They help to keep the stirrups in the correct position for the rider's feet.

Stirrup Leathers

The stirrup leathers are the straps that attach the stirrups to the saddle.

Stirrups

The stirrups are the platforms where the rider's feet rest. They help the rider maintain balance and stability while riding.

Gullet

The gullet is the open space between the panels of the saddle that sits on the horse's back. It allows for the horse's spine to remain free and reduces pressure on the back.

Panels

The panels are the cushions on the underside of the saddle that rest on the horse's back. They help distribute the weight of the rider evenly across the horse's back and also provide some cushioning for the horse.

Overall, the different parts of a Spanish saddle work together to provide both the rider and the horse with comfort and stability while riding.

Types of Spanish Saddles

Spanish saddles come in different styles that are tailored to specific equestrian disciplines.

The three most common types of Spanish saddles are the Alta Escuela, Vaquera, and Doma Vaquera saddles. Each of these saddles has its own unique design features and is used for different riding styles and purposes.

The three most common types of Spanish saddles are the Alta Escuela, Vaquera, and Doma Vaquera saddles.

Alta Escuela Saddle

The Alta Escuela saddle is also known as the "Spanish School" saddle. It is used in the Alta Escuela equestrian discipline, which focuses on advanced dressage movements.

This saddle has a deep seat and high pommel and cantle, which helps to secure the rider's position and maintain balance during advanced dressage movements.

The stirrup leathers are attached in a position that encourages a more vertical leg position, which aids in the rider's balance and control. This saddle is usually made with high-quality leather and is often decorated with silver accents.

Vaquera Saddle

The Vaquera saddle is the traditional saddle used by Spanish cattle ranchers (vaqueros) and is designed for long hours of riding over rough terrain.

This saddle has a wider, flatter seat than the Alta Escuela saddle and a lower cantle and pommel.

It also features larger skirts, which provide more protection for the horse's sides. The stirrup leathers are attached in a way that encourages a more horizontal leg position, which helps the rider stay balanced during quick maneuvers.

The Vaquera saddle is often made with sturdy leather and may have decorative accents such as hand-carved designs.

Doma Vaquera Saddle

The Doma Vaquera saddle is a combination of the Alta Escuela and Vaquera saddles, designed for the Doma Vaquera equestrian discipline, which combines dressage and cattle work.

This saddle has a deep seat like the Alta Escuela saddle but with a flatter and wider seat like the Vaquera saddle. It also features larger skirts like the Vaquera saddle, which provides more protection for the horse's sides.

The stirrup leathers are attached in a way that encourages a more horizontal leg position, which helps the rider stay balanced during quick maneuvers. This saddle is often made with high-quality leather and is often decorated with silver accents.

The Alta Escuela, Vaquera, and Doma Vaquera saddles are the most common types of Spanish saddles used for different equestrian disciplines. Each saddle has its unique features that make it suitable for the specific riding style and purpose.

Materials Used in Spanish Saddles

Spanish saddles are typically made from high-quality materials that are both durable and comfortable for both the horse and rider.

The most common materials used in Spanish saddles include leather, wool, and various types of padding.

Leather

Leather is the most common material used in the construction of Spanish saddles. It is a durable and supple material that can be shaped and molded to fit the horse's back and the rider's seat. High-quality leather is often used for the outer layer of the saddle, as well as for the stirrup leathers, pommel, and cantle.

Wool

Wool is often used as padding in Spanish saddles. It is a natural material that is soft, breathable, and moisture-wicking. Wool is typically used to create the panels that sit between the saddle and the horse's back. These panels help distribute the rider's weight evenly across the horse's back and protect the horse from pressure points.

Foam Padding

Foam padding is another common material used in Spanish saddles. It is a synthetic material that provides a firm and consistent cushioning. It is often used in the panels of the saddle, as well as in the seat and knee rolls to provide additional support and comfort for the rider.

Felt

Felt is a dense and durable material that is often used as padding in Spanish saddles. It is made from compressed wool fibers and provides a firm and consistent cushioning. Felt is typically used in the panels of the saddle and is an excellent choice for horses with sensitive backs.

Neoprene

Neoprene is a synthetic material that is often used in the construction of Spanish saddles. It is a waterproof and durable material that is often used in the girth and cinch straps to provide a secure fit for the saddle.

Spanish saddles are typically constructed from a combination of these materials to provide a comfortable and secure fit for both the horse and rider.

Fitting a Spanish Saddle

Proper fitting of a Spanish saddle is crucial to ensure the comfort and safety of both the horse and the rider.

Here are some steps to properly fit a Spanish saddle to both the horse and the rider:

Fit the saddle to the horse

The first step in fitting a Spanish saddle is to ensure that it properly fits the horse's back. The saddle should be placed on the horse's back without any pads or blankets. The saddle should rest evenly on the horse's back without any gaps or pressure points. Check the fit of the saddle in motion by having someone lead the horse in a circle and observe the saddle's position.

Check the saddle's clearance

The saddle should have adequate clearance above the horse's withers and spine. Check that there is at least two fingers' width of space between the saddle and the horse's withers when the horse is standing still.

Check the saddle's position

The saddle should be positioned in the correct place on the horse's back. The front of the saddle should be positioned behind the horse's scapula, and the rear of the saddle should not extend past the last rib.

Check the saddle's tree size

The saddle's tree size should be appropriate for the horse's back. The saddle should not be too narrow, as this can cause pressure points, or too wide, as this can cause the saddle to slip.

Fit the saddle to the rider

Once the saddle is properly fitted to the horse, it's time to ensure that it properly fits the rider. The rider should sit in the saddle with their feet in the stirrups. The saddle should feel secure, with the rider's seat positioned comfortably in the deepest part of the saddle.

Check the length of the stirrup leathers

The stirrup leathers should be adjusted to the appropriate length for the rider's leg length. When the rider's foot is in the stirrup, the rider's heel should be level with the horse's elbow.

Check the position of the knee rolls

The knee rolls should be positioned to provide proper support for the rider's leg. The knee rolls should be positioned just above the rider's knee when the rider is seated in the saddle.

Check the position of the pommel and cantle

The pommel and cantle should be positioned at the appropriate height for the rider. The pommel should not be too high or too low, as this can affect the rider's balance and comfort.

Fitting a Spanish saddle properly involves ensuring that it fits both the horse and the rider comfortably and securely. It helps to prevent discomfort, injury, and poor performance.

It's always recommended to seek the advice of a professional saddle fitter to make sure the saddle fits properly.

Maintaining a Spanish Saddle

Proper maintenance of a Spanish saddle is important to ensure its longevity and to keep it looking and performing its best. Here are the steps involved in properly maintaining a Spanish saddle:

Cleaning

The first step in maintaining a Spanish saddle is to clean it regularly. Dirt, sweat, and other debris can accumulate on the saddle's surface and can damage the leather over time. Use a soft-bristled brush or a damp cloth to remove any dirt and debris from the saddle's surface. Avoid using harsh cleaning products, as they can strip the leather of its natural oils and cause it to dry out.

Conditioning

After cleaning the saddle, it's important to condition it to keep the leather supple and prevent it from drying out. Use a high-quality leather conditioner that is specifically designed for equestrian gear. Apply the conditioner evenly to the saddle's surface using a clean cloth or sponge. Allow the conditioner to absorb into the leather for several minutes, then wipe away any excess with a clean cloth.

Storing

Proper storage is also important for maintaining a Spanish saddle. Store the saddle in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Avoid storing the saddle in a damp or humid environment, as this can cause the leather to mold and mildew. Use a saddle cover to protect the saddle from dust and debris.

Checking Hardware

Check the saddle's hardware, such as the stirrup bars and buckles, regularly to ensure they are functioning properly. Clean them using a soft cloth and a mild soap solution, and lubricate them with a small amount of oil to keep them moving smoothly.

Regular Maintenance

Regularly check the saddle for signs of wear and tear, such as cracked leather or loose stitching. Repair any damage promptly to prevent further damage. It's also a good idea to have the saddle inspected by a professional saddle fitter every year to ensure that it's still fitting properly and to identify any issues that need to be addressed.

Properly maintaining a Spanish saddle involves regularly cleaning and conditioning the leather, storing it properly, checking the hardware, and performing regular maintenance. With proper care, a Spanish saddle can last for many years and provide comfortable and reliable performance.

Spanish Riding Techniques

Spanish saddles are commonly used in classical riding disciplines such as dressage, where riders use a range of techniques to communicate with their horse and perform various movements.

Here are some of the riding techniques used with Spanish saddles:

Spanish Walk

The Spanish Walk is a movement where the horse lifts each foreleg in a high, exaggerated manner while walking forward. It is often used as a display movement in exhibitions and shows. The rider uses a series of aids, including leg pressure, to encourage the horse to lift its legs in this way.

Piaffe

The Piaffe is a movement where the horse appears to be trotting in place. The horse lifts its legs high and maintains a rhythmic, cadenced trot while remaining in one spot. The rider uses a range of aids, including leg pressure, to maintain the horse's balance and rhythm.

Passage

The Passage is a slow, elevated trot where the horse lifts its legs high and appears to float over the ground. The rider uses a series of aids, including leg pressure and weight distribution, to encourage the horse to lift its legs in this way.

Collection

Collection is a technique used to bring the horse's weight onto its hindquarters, allowing it to carry itself more easily and perform more advanced movements. The rider uses a range of aids, including leg pressure and rein contact, to encourage the horse to shift its weight backward.

Haute Ecole

The Haute Ecole is a series of advanced movements that require the horse to be highly trained and responsive to the rider's aids. These movements include the levade, where the horse lifts its forelegs off the ground and balances on its hindquarters, and the courbette, where the horse leaps into the air and performs a series of leaps.

Riding techniques used with Spanish saddles include movements like the Spanish Walk, Piaffe, and Passage, as well as collection and the Haute Ecole movements.

These techniques require a highly trained horse and skilled rider working together to achieve a harmonious and elegant performance.

Spanish Horse Breeds

Spanish saddles are commonly associated with horse breeds that originated in Spain and Portugal.

Here are some of the horse breeds commonly used with Spanish saddles:

Andalusian

The Andalusian is a horse breed that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Spain. It is a highly versatile breed that is often used in classical riding disciplines such as dressage and show jumping. Andalusians are known for their intelligence, sensitivity, and willingness to work with their riders.

Lusitano

The Lusitano is a horse breed that originated in Portugal. It is a highly versatile breed that is often used in classical riding disciplines such as dressage and bullfighting. Lusitanos are known for their athleticism, courage, and agility.

PRE (Pura Raza Española)

The PRE, also known as the Andalusian horse, is a horse breed that originated in Spain. It is a highly versatile breed that is often used in classical riding disciplines such as dressage and show jumping. PREs are known for their elegance, beauty, and athleticism.

Lipizzan

The Lipizzan is a horse breed that originated in Austria and is associated with the Spanish Riding School in Vienna. These horses are often trained in classical riding techniques and are known for their grace, agility, and ability to perform highly advanced movements.

Azteca

The Azteca is a horse breed that originated in Mexico and is a cross between Andalusians, Quarter Horses, and Criollo horses. These horses are highly versatile and are often used in a variety of disciplines, including classical riding.

Horse breeds commonly associated with Spanish saddles include the Andalusian, Lusitano, PRE, Lipizzan, and Azteca.

These breeds are known for their beauty, athleticism, and versatility, and are often used in classical riding disciplines such as dressage and show jumping.

Spanish Saddle Makers

Spanish saddles are highly valued for their quality craftsmanship and unique designs.

Here are some of the most renowned Spanish saddle makers and their styles:

Manuel Gil

Manuel Gil is a highly respected Spanish saddle maker who is known for his traditional Vaquera-style saddles. His saddles are highly prized for their beauty, quality, and attention to detail.

Marjoman

Marjoman is a Spanish saddle maker that has been producing high-quality saddles since 1966. Their saddles are known for their unique designs, quality craftsmanship, and use of high-quality materials such as leather and wool.

Sanchez de la Rosa

Sanchez de la Rosa is a Spanish saddle maker that is known for their highly specialized Alta Escuela saddles. These saddles are designed for classical riding techniques and are highly valued for their beauty and quality.

Zaldi

Zaldi is a Spanish saddle maker that has been producing saddles since 1952. Their saddles are known for their quality, durability, and unique designs. They produce a wide range of saddles, including Vaquera, Doma Vaquera, and Alta Escuela styles.

Salamanca

Salamanca is a Spanish saddle maker that has been producing high-quality saddles since 1930. Their saddles are known for their traditional designs, quality craftsmanship, and use of high-quality materials such as leather and wool.

Some of the most renowned Spanish saddle makers include Manuel Gil, Marjoman, Sanchez de la Rosa, Zaldi, and Salamanca.

Each of these makers has a unique style and approach to saddle making, but all share a commitment to quality craftsmanship, unique designs, and the use of high-quality materials.

Final Thoughts

Spanish saddles are a unique and highly valued type of saddle that has a long history of use in Spain and other countries. They are known for their intricate designs, high-quality materials, and versatile riding styles.

Whether you are a professional rider or a casual enthusiast, using a Spanish saddle can help you achieve a higher level of control, comfort, and performance with your horse.

From the different types of Spanish saddles to the materials used in their construction, to the various riding techniques associated with them, Spanish saddles are a fascinating topic that deserves further exploration.

By understanding the history, design, and use of Spanish saddles, riders can better appreciate their beauty and value, and can make informed choices when selecting a saddle for themselves and their horses.

Richard Sutherland

RichardSutherland@bitsnspurs.org

Richard is a western lifestyle author for Bits N' Spurs, the weekly newsletter that keeps pace with today's rodeo. His articles are featured on dozens of rodeo and Western related websites and provide a window to the world of cowboy culture.